Murray River Curly Coated Retriever

The Murray River Curly Coated Retriever (MRCCR) is a breed of dog endemic to South East Australia. It appears to be have been developed as a working duck dog in the 1800s. It takes its name from the Murray River, the major river in South Eastern Australia where it originated from.

The Murray was popular as a retriever and a duck dog in Victoria, southern NSW and SA. Its popularity wained when duck shooting and the need for meat dogs became less popular. Today it can be found in all states of Australia.

The Murray Curly is often confused with the standard Curly Coated Retriever. The Curly Coated Retriever Association of Australia points this out.[1] The Murray Curly has been labelled a designer dog which is a recent label. Soft Maple Kennels from Canada have an excellent page of types of curlies. Then P Mathis in his knowledgeable articles about curlies around the world acknowledges a smaller type curly sometimes called a river curly but believed they came from the Murray River in New Zealand. While there may be some Murray River Curlies in NZ their origin is Australia.

The Murray Curly is generally a smaller type of retriever with weights being within 5 kg of 25 kg. It is always liver colored and some have white markings on their chests. The Murray's curls are looser than a standard curly but range from wavy to tight. Their ears seem longer or more spaniel like than most retrievers. Older types in the dog breeds tend to be shorter in the leg.

Currently there is no breed club or dog breed standard. To address this matter a Yahoo group for owners and supporters of the Murray Curly Coated Retriever was established in 2006. The Murray has many devoted owners who believe the Murray to be the most loyal, biddable and best companion dog they have ever owned. They can be protective but generally only of their owner and owner's property. Murrays and horses generally seem to get along well and many members also have equestrian interests.

The Murray rightfully deserves to be recognised as an Australian dog and its only Austrlaian developed retriever.

Characteristics

Murray River Curly Coated Retrievers have a brown or liver curly coat. The color helps them blend with their environment and the curls aid in waterproofing the dog. They do not have a second undercoat as some breeds do so they do feel the cold if left wet and inactive in a cold environment. The Murray will moult for summer in various amounts. Murrays, as they are often called, are used to a hot, dry environment. The Murray River region often experiences temperatures in the high 30s to low 40 degrees C during the summer. Whilst the dog can cope with this weather they do appreciate a swim to cool themselves down. During summer, the tips of the dog's coat may begin to turn an golden or appear lighter in color. This is just the coat being bleached with the sun and it may be removed by a trim or a comb to remove dead hair if you wish.

The MRCCR is only available in one color, generally known as 'liver' however a perhaps more fashionable current term is 'chocolate'. Their eyes are always a golden yellow color. They often have a small white patch on their chest.

The dog breed will generally have webbed feet enabling them to swim better. This is a unique trait of the Retriever breed. They also tend to have large paws, probably slightly larger than their other proportions would suggest.

They are a medium size dog with the males ranging in weight from 20 – 40 kg, depending on the breeding. The bitches are often smaller at 20 – 30 kg. Their legs should be shorter than most retrievers, they tend to be stocky and they have a deep chest. They were bred as a working dog and tend to have a muscled body to match.

Murrays have large floppy lips. This is so as not to bruise the bird when hunting. Generally, the breed has a great personality. From the moment the puppy first sees you he will fall in love with you. They are loyal and will protect their owners and property. They generally get along quite well with other dogs and cats, provided the cat stays still and does not run away! This is provided that the puppy is well socialised from a young age. Of course, they tend to chase birds as they were bred for this. They make a great family dog and are very good with children. They love to play and be part of the 'pack'.

They are very energetic and need reasonable amounts of exercise. They have a great deal of stamina and so long as there is something to play with they will keep going. A dog may bring back as many as 120 ducks in one day during shooting.

As with most dogs, the better trained they are from a young age the better behaved they will be. Take your dog to puppy training of some sort to get them used to other dogs and people - to socialise them well. If this is not done, the Murray or any dog can be fearful of strangers. This can result in 'fear snapping', meaning the dog may snap at strangers if the stranger pushes themselves on the dog. It does not mean the dog will bite strangers just possibly snap in the air at them. Murrays tend to be an intelligent breed and are trained easily. The Murray Rivers that existed in the past tended to be used as working dogs.

Maintenance

Contrary to appearances they require little grooming. The coat will moult for summer. In general, they are a short coated dog provided the dead hair is removed. The best form of grooming is to let the dogs swim.Any loose, dead hair tends to come out of the coat during swimming. If this is not possible they can be brushed however the curls tend to 'fuzz' and the dog needs a spray with water or a bath to return the curl.Some dogs do require clipping but most only need a trim as the hair on and behind their ears and tail can grow a little longer than their body and the curls turn into waves or matts.

As with any dog their claws may need trimming if they aren't worn down on a hard surface. It is best to get them used to this from an early age so as not to traumatise the dog.

If the dog is allowed to swim regularly, it will not need a bath very often. They do not tend to smell and swimming cleans them up anyway.

Dog Problems

In the past some Murrays were reputed to have personality problems, this can happen to any breeds of dog that is not socialized and where the breeding pool has not been large. Hopefully any such dogs are not bred from and this problem has not been encountered in any of the Murray groups member's dogs.

As with all floppy eared dog breeds, they are prone to ear infections. It may be difficult for the ears to dry out after swimming and hence get infected. The best way to avoid this is to either use a drying solution in their ears after every swim or to tie their ears back so they can dry out. Regular cleaning of the ears is recommended.

Due to their weight, they are actually considered a large breed of dog. As with all larger dogs they tend to grow quickly which can cause joint problems. Diseases such as hip or elbow dysplasia may occur. Currently this breed is not screened for these diseases however a vet could examine any dog you are considering purchasing.

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Small Münsterländer

The Small Munsterlander (SM or Kleiner Münsterländer) is a versatile hunting-pointing-retrieving dog breed that reached its current form in the area around Münster, Germany. The Large Munsterlander is from the same area, but was developed from different breeding stock and is not as closely related as the names would suggest. Small Munsterlanders bear a resemblance to both spaniels and setters but are rather more versatile. The Small Munsterlander is recognized by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale under Group 7, Section 1.2, Continental Pointing Dogs of Spaniel type, and it is related to the Epagneul Français and the Drentsche Patrijshond.

Appearance

The dog breed is often described as about 35 pounds (16 kg) and 18-20 inches (0.45 to 0.5 m) at the shoulder, but the average is somewhat larger, around 45 pounds (20 kg) with some males reaching or slightly exceeding 60 pounds (27 kg) and up to 22 inches (0.55 m). The body is lean yet powerful and not prone to becoming overweight due to an active nature and natural athleticism. Coloration is large patches of brown on a ticked or solid white background. The soft coat is medium length, requiring grooming after hunting in heavy cover or weekly otherwise. The dog breeds is not registered with the American Kennel Club, which emphasizes appearance over working ability. In the US Small Munsterlanders may be registered with the United Kennel Club or the Small Munsterlander Club of North America.

Temperament

Small Munsterlanders are very intelligent, trainable, and attentive but require gentle and patient training, which provides excellent results. They are also strong-willed and an owner who is inconsistent or indecisive might find that his dog is hard to control. Both voice and hand signals are used, and an SM looks back at the hunter for silent signals at intervals when on hold or pointing. They have a very strong drive to follow their keen sense of smell, and thrive with hunting or comparably challenging exercise for an hour or more every day. They love swimming, too. Lack of regular and sufficient exercise and mental challenge will likely result in unwanted behavior, which is common in highly intelligent, driven breeds. They mature rather slowly over 2.5 to 3 years but a well-trained, mature SM is a hunter without peer, and the upland bird hunter hunting over such a dog will enjoy both the experience and great success. The Small Munsterlander is a happy, affectionate family pet when in the house, while remaining a keenly focused, even driven, hunter-pointer-retriever when in the field. They are not suited to life in a kennel because of their sociable nature and need to interact with people—they need to live in the home of their human family. SMs will pick an individual person to bond most closely with, typically the one who hunts with the dog, but will revel in the company of the rest of the family, too. When raised with other pets in the household, such as cats, they can coexist happily though they may enjoy a game of chase and point. Unfamiliar small animals outdoors will not be tolerated in the same way.

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Large Münsterländer

The Large Munsterlander (Großer Münsterländer) is a breed of gun dog originally from the Münster region in Germany.

The Large Munsterlander is one of several continental dog breeds of versatile hunting dogs. Although the LM is one of the last of the German dog breeds to gain official representation by a separate breed club, the LM was recognized as a color variant of the German Longhaired Pointer prior to that time. The LM first gained official recognition in the Munsterland of northwestern Germany in the early 1900s. However, the forerunner of the modern LM can be recognized in artist's representations of hunting scenes as far back as the Middle Ages. The Large Munsterlander was introduced to North America by Kurt von Kleist in 1966. By August 14, 2003, at least 56 dogs have been imported from Europe and 1039 pups have been registered in North America.

This field dog characteristically is calm, gentle with children and well adjusted to living in the master's dwelling. The versatile characteristics of the LM provide for a reliable companion for all facets of hunting. A recent comparison of the scores of 82 LMs with 104 other versatile breeds entered in North American Versatile Hunting Dog Association (NAVHDA) tests showed that the Large Munsterlander is a versatile dog with a difference. On average, LMs work closer and are more responsive to the handler than other breeds although the LM's pointing instinct matures later. The LM displayed greater cooperation than other breeds and an excellent concentration in the tracking and recovery of crippled game birds. During search for game, most LMs range 50-150 yd, depending on cover. Their long and thick coat protects them against cold and allows them to search dense cover thoroughly.

Appearance

The Large Munsterlander should be athletic, intelligent, noble, and elegant in appearance. Its body should be the same length as its height at the withers. The dog should be muscular without being bulky. Its gait should be fluid and elastic.

Size

Large Munsterlander should be 60–65 cm (24–26 in) at the withers for males, 58–63 cm (23–25 in) for females. It should weigh approximately 30 kg (66 lb).

Coat and Colour

The LM is black and white with hair of medium length. This dog has been bred for many decades for hunting and not show. Hence coat color is highly variable, ranging from predominantly white to predominantly black. Markings occur as solid white patches, or ticked or roan regions. The coat is dense, but should be firm and sleek.

Breed Standard

The UK Kennel club standard for the dog breed is:

General Appearance

Alert and energetic, with strong muscular body, having good movement with drive.

Characteristics

Multi-purpose gundog, ideal for the rough shooter. Excellent nose, staying power, and works equally well on land and in water. A keen worker, easily taught.

Temperament

Loyal, affectionate and trustworthy.

Head and Skull

Well proportioned to body, elongated. Skull sufficiently broad, slightly rounded, with no pronounced occiput. Strong jaw muscles, well formed black nose, wide soft nostrils, slight rise from the nasal bone to the forehead but no pronounced stop. Lips slightly rounded, and well fitting.

Eyes

Intelligent, medium size, dark brown, not deep-set or protruding. No haw showing.

Ears

Broad and set high, lying flat and close to the head, with a rounded tip. Hair on the ears should be long, extending beyond the tip.

Mouth

Strong and sound, with well developed teeth, with a perfect, regular and complete scissor bite, i.e. upper teeth closely overlapping lower teeth and set square to the jaws.

Neck

Strong, muscular, slightly arched, joining the shoulder and chest smoothly.

Forequarters

Chest, wide and with good depth of brisket. Shoulders laid well back, forelegs straight, pasterns strong.

Body

Firm, strong back, short coupled, slightly higher at the withers, sloping smoothly towards the croup and tail. Wide, well-muscled loin, wide croup, ribs well sprung, deep and reaching well up to the loin. Taut abdomen, slightly tucked up. Length of body, measured from point of shoulder to point of buttock should, ideally, be equal to height at withers, but may exceed height at withers by 2 cm.

Hindquarters

Hips broad. Well muscled thighs, well turned stifles, hocks well let down. Dewclaws should be removed.

Feet

Tight, moderately rounded and well knuckled with dense hair between the toes, well padded. Strong nails.

Tail

Docked: Previously, docking of tip of tail was optional; Undocked: Well set on, in line with the back. Base thick, tapering evenly towards the tip, well feathered. It should be carried horizontally or curved slightly upwards.

Gait/Movement

Free, long-striding, springy gait.

Coat

Hair long and dense, but not curly or coarse. Well feathered on front and hindlegs and on tail, more so in dogs than in bitches. Hair must lie short and smooth on the head.

Colour

Head solid black, white blaze, snip or star allowed. Body white or blue roan with black patches, flecked, ticked, or combination of these.

Size

Height: dogs 60–65 cm (24–26 in); bitches 58–63 cm (23–25 in)

Faults

Any departure from the foregoing points should be considered a fault and the seriousness with which the fault should be regarded should be in exact proportion to its degree and its effect upon the health and welfare of the dog.

Note

Male animals should have two apparently normal testicles fully descended into the scrotum.

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Mudhol Hound

The Mudhol Hound is an Indian breed of dog of the sight hound type. The breed is also known as Caravan Hound and the feathered variety is commonly referred to as a Pashmi. In the villages he is known as the Karwani. It is a common companion amongst village folk in India's Deccan Plateau, who use the dog for hunting and guarding.

Appearance

The Mudhol/Caravan of today has well-defined characteristics. The head is long and narrow, broad between the ears with a tapering muzzle. The jaws are long and powerful, with a scissors bite. The nose is large, and may be black, liver, or flesh colored. The ears are medium sized, very slightly rounded at the tips, and hang close to the skull. The eyes are large and oval in shape, and may be dark or light in color. The expression is a piercing gaze. The neck is long, clean, and muscular, and fits well into the shoulders. The forelegs are long, straight and well-boned. The males are 68–72 cm in height at the withers and the females are 64–68 cm tall. The back is long, broad and well-muscled. The loins are wide and deep. The chest is strong and deep with well sprung ribs. The abdomen is tucked in. The hind quarters appear wide and well-muscled. The tail is strong at the base, not too long, set low and carried in a natural curve. The gait is high-footed, flexing all four legs, but should not be hackneyed. There are two coat varieties—one with an entirely smooth coat and the other with silky feathering on the ears, legs, and tail. All colors and combination of colors are acceptable.

Temperament

The dog breed is above all a working hound, capable of providing an excellent performance in the field on a consistent basis, under grueling conditions that would decimate most other dogs. It is therefore elegant, graceful and courageous. Its physical strength couples with great speed and plenty of stamina to allow it to catch and kill several types of game, from hare to black buck, over rough country. It is not an ideal dog for the apartment dweller, as it needs great deal of space to exercise, although if arrangements are made to exercise the dog regularly in a sufficiently large, safely fenced area, it may do well in a flat or any other dwelling.

The dog breeds, if treated with kindness and respect, can be exceptionally loyal. They are not very friendly, and do not like to be touched by strangers. However, a Caravan should never be aggressive, as this sort of temperament is not ideal for a hunting dog, which must tolerate other dogs and human beings, especially when they are not intruding on his territory. It makes a reasonable watch dog, and can protect that which he holds dear, should the need arise. He should always be treated in a kind, consistent, fair, and respectful manner, otherwise he may develop a nervous or vicious nature either of which are difficult to live with.

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Mudi

The Mudi is a rare herding breed of dog from Hungary.

The dog breeds usually weigh 18 to 29 pounds (8.2 to 13 kg) and stand 15 to 19 inches (38 to 48 cm) high at the withers. The coat is medium wavy or curly, with short hair on the face and legs. The accepted colors are black, ash, brown, white, fawn, and black merle. Mudis have short tails which may be born long and docked short or born naturally short.

The Mudi is a versatile farm dog that can hunt, exterminate rodents, and act as a capable herding dog and flock guardian. Although the breed is much less popular than the better-known Puli and Komondor in its native country, owners of the Mudi claim that it is incomparable for its versatile talents and pleasant disposition.

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Mountain View Cur

Mountain View Curs is a specific cur founded by Mr. and Mrs. Mike J. Bloodgood, of Bonnieville, Kentucky. It is a type of working dog used for treeing and trailing game; mainly squirrel and raccoon, but also large game. It is a member of the hound group.

The Mountain View Cur comes in yellow, red, brindle, and black fur coloring, often with white points and marks. The dog should be muscled with strong, straight legs. The weight should range from thirty to sixty pounds. The dog's build should be for speed.

The Mountain View Cur was developed by Michael and Marie Bloodgood, now of Bonnieville, Kentucky. In 1987 the Mountain View Cur Kennel was formed in Afton, New York, where the dog breed was subsequently developed. Mr. and Mrs. Bloodgood obtained their first pair of yellow Mountain Cur pups in 1973. Though their skills were good, their sense of smell was a setback to being a good treeing dog, so they were sold and replaced with hounds. After owning, raising, and training some outstanding coon hounds under the Black River Kennel name for over 20 years and finding it harder and harder to find hounds that handled well, they tried to locate good curs that they could keep up with, but would handle better than their past hounds.

The search for curs that could fit this bill proved to be a difficult and challenging task. No expense was spared to locate and purchase curs from the best stock. Mr. and Mrs. Bloodgood tried 56 Mountain Curs originally, only finding 6 that were considered to be top tree dogs. It was found that 4 of the 6 were of a certain ancestry. When checking records, they found that half of the 56 Mountain Curs tried were of the same breeding; of the Kemmer Stock Cur variety.

The decision was made to concentre on these 4 Mountain Curs, three females and one young male, all of which were related. One female was culled later because she produced ill tempered male pups and another female because her pups lacked intelligence and ability, leaving one exceptional female, Mountain View Dance and one exceptional male, Mtn. View Gold Nugget, for the foundation stock of the Mountain View Cur. This selectivity resulted in 2 out of 56 OMCBA registered, or 2 out of 28 Kemmer bred curs meeting the bloodgood standard. Later an outstanding male cousin to Mountain View Gold Nugge, Mountain View Buckshot, and an outstanding female, Mountain View KY Lady, were added to the breeding program. Most of the IPDBA registered dogs today carry these dogs in their blood lines. A few other select Mt Curs have been added over the years under the same strict standards.

In 1992 the Kemmer Stock Breeders Association Registry was started, and in an effort to keep the line pure as possible, Mountain View Curs were originally registered with this registry. When the KSBA began they started with all pure Kemmer bred Mt. Curs. However, due to a desire for stricter standards among the founders of the breed, and realizing that the Mountain View Cur's quality was unique from most other KSBA registered dogs, Mr. Bloodgood and eleven dedicated breeders resigned from the KSBA. These eleven founders felt that they should register their dogs as a separate breed and with a registry that would certify tree dogs before they would be used for breeding, and would assure that no other stock could be registered in the breed.

In April 1995 the American Squirrel and Night Hunters Association (ASANHA) was chosen to hold the registry. The name Mountain View Cur was chosen for two reasons. One was that founders knew of the great reputation of Mountain View Kennel, it being well known in the cur dog world. The second reason was that Mrs. Kemmer asked that their name not be used.

Because of policy changes in the ASANHA to register non-proven tree dogs, the Breed Advisors felt that the Mountain View Curs should have their own registry with its own policies. Therefore, in the fall of 1996, the Mountain View Cur Registry was formed as a subsidiary of the International Progressive Dog Breeders' Alliance. A few years later, the Mountain View Cur Registry was changed to the Mountain View Cur Association and all dog owners desiring to be in this registry registered the animals and agreed to adhere to the same strict policies in the International Progressive Dog Breeders' Alliance registry.

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Mountain Cur

The Mountain Cur is a type of working dog that's mainly used as a "Bay dog" in the sport of wild boar hunting. The majority of Mountain Curs are bred specifically for treeing and trailing small game, like squirrel and raccoons. They're also used for hunting big game like bear and wild boar as well being just an all-purpose farm dog. Curs are a member of the Hound group and is one of several varieties of cur. They can also be used as water dogs. Mainly bred in Ohio, Kentucky, Virginia, and Tennessee, it has been registered with the United Kennel Club since 1998. The Mountain Cur Breeder's Association was formed in 1957.

Appearance

• Coat: Heavy, medium short.
• Color: Brindle, black, dark brown, black and brindle, yellow and can have white points
• Head: Broad square with top being a flat plane between the high set ears.
• Eyes:Green, blue, or dark brown, expressive.
• Ears:Short to medium with a high set and tightly controlled.
• Muzzle: Heavy with wide nares. Teeth form a scissor like bite.
• Body: Stocky, muscular, square and slightly longer than it is tall. The tail can be docked but long enough to form a handle for show. 50% or more of pups are born with a bobbed or naturally short tail.
• Legs: Straight, medium long, muscular capable of speed.
• Feet: Oval shaped, muscled with feline-like pads. Can have back dew claws.

Temperament

The Mountain Cur is intelligent dog breeds, easily trained, and neither vicious nor shy. They tend to be very energetic and generally do not make good indoor pets. They are known to always try to please their masters. They are not however dogs to be trifled with, historically many a cur died fighting to protect his family from hostile natives and dangerous predators.

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Moscow Watchdog

Moscow Watchdog is a breed of dog that was bred in the Russia. It descends from crosses between the St. Bernard, Caucasian Shepherd, and Russian Spotted Hound breeds. The dog breed is very large and weight is between 100 and 150lbs. Unlike its modern St Bernard counterparts, the breed needs lots of vigorous exercise. They do not drool like many of the other molossers. Until recently, Moscow Watchdogs were very hard to find outside of the Soviet Union, however are now becoming more popular in Europe and have recently reached the United States.

The dog breed standard was first published in 1985 when it received "official status" in the Rusiia. In 1992, the Federation of the Dog Breeders of Russia approved the standard and then in 1997 the Department of Animal Breeding and Pedigree of The Ministry of Agriculture of Russia. The standard was also approved by the Russian Kennel Club in 1997.

The Russian Kennel Club is working with the International Kennel Federation (FCI) to gain official recognition. Currently, the Moscow Watchdog is considered by the FCI as part of the 2nd group Molosser. In FCI sanctioned dog shows, they are shown in what is referred to as a "Special Show." Inside Russia, they are widely shown and a recognized breed.

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Mioritic

The Mioritic is a dog breeds of large sheep dogs that originated in the Carpathian Mountains of Romania.

The Mioritic stands about 65-85 cm tall at the withers and weighs 50-65 kg. This massive dog is covered in thick fluffy hair. They look like mops/huge teddy bears.Their hair is sometimes orange.

The Mioritic has discipline as one of their main characteristics. It is a calm and well-mannered dog. As this dog was used as a herd protector, he is very attached to family and goes all the way when protecting those he is attached to. Because of this dog's ability to bond strongly with his master, training should only be started once the Mioritic puppy is already accustomed to the owner/trainer.

The dog breeds has a life expectancy of about 12-14 years.

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Miniature Siberian Husky

The Miniature Siberian Husky is often mistaken for the Alaskan Klee Kai, with whom it shares similar qualities. However, the Alaskan Klee Kai was bred from the Alaskan Husky, Schipperke, and American Eskimo. Miniature Siberian Huskies are smaller versions of Siberian Huskies. They share the same basic genetics and temperament, and are not yet considered a separate dog breed.

Smaller versions of the sled dog, technically classified as the "Tungus Spitz" by early explorers, were often described as being "the size of a fox". These dogs were commonly used as hunting dogs. As well as, they followed near by Alaskan sled dogs.

The modern Miniature Siberian Husky was first bred in the mountains of Hendersonville, North Carolina. The dogs were developed by Bree Hefner May along with the help from a few devoted Siberian husky fans in order to offer an alternative to potential husky owners, as the standard-sized dogs were often too much for novice owners to handle. Development of these dogs continues under the supervision of Bree Hefner May.
Miniature Siberian Huskies have very few health issues, like their larger counterparts. The major health issues in the dog breeds are eye troubles (cataracts, glaucoma, and corneal dystrophy, among others), allergies, and cancer in older animals. Hip dysplasia is a possible risk in all huskies, both miniature and standard. Obesity must be guarded against as well, as the dogs were originally bred to subsist on smaller quantities of food than dogs of a similar size. Huskies also can inherit epilepsy from parents and inbreeding. Before buying the dog ask for the breeders phone number to see the parents and look at their pedigrees and ask about health issues from past generations.

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Miniature Schnauzer

The Miniature Schnauzer is a dog breed of small dog of the Schnauzer type that originated in Germany in the mid-to-late 19th century. Miniature Schnauzers developed from crosses between the Standard Schnauzer and one or more smaller breeds such as the Poodle or Affenpinscher.

The dog breed remains one of the most popular, and as of 2008 is the 11th most popular dog breed in the U.S, primarily for its temperament and relatively small size. The American Kennel Club recognizes only three colors for the Miniature Schnauzer: salt-and-pepper, black-and-silver, and solid black. Solid white is considered a disqualification, although, a small patch of white is allowed on the solid black. In the United Kingdom, the small white patch on a solid black is also considered a fault. Colors such as white, parti (multi), chocolate and liver are available on the pet trade and can be registered as pure-breds by some organizations, but are not currently recognized by any legitimate clubs for conformation shows.

Miniature Schnauzer Appearance

Miniature Schnauzers normally have a small, squarely proportioned build, measuring 12 to 14 inches (30 to 36 cm) tall and weighing 11 to 15 pounds (5.0 to 6.8 kg) for females and 14 to 18 pounds (6.4 to 8.2 kg) for males. They have a double coat. The exterior fur is wiry and the undercoat is softer. The coat is trimmed short on the body, but the hair on ears, legs, and edge of the body, a.k.a. the "furnishings", are retained. The first Breed Standard for the Schnauzer, established in 1907, required specific color formation: "Color: All salt and pepper color shades or similar bristly equal color mixtures and solid black. Faults: All white, speckled, brindles, red, or bran colors."

Miniature Schnauzers are often described as non-shedding dogs, and while this is not entirely true, their shedding is minimal and generally unnoticeable. They are characterized by a long head with bushy beard, mustache and eyebrows; teeth that meet in a "scissor bite"; oval and dark colored eyes; and v-shaped, natural forward-folding ears. (When cropped, the ears point straight upward and come to a sharp point.) Their tails are naturally thin and short, and may be docked (where permitted). They will also have very straight, rigid front legs, and feet that are short and round (so-called "cat feet") with thick, black pads.

Miniature Schnauzer Temperament

The Official Standard of the Miniature Schnauzer describes temperament as "alert and spirited, yet obedient to command. He is friendly, intelligent and willing to please. He should never be overaggressive or timid." Usually easy to train, they tend to be excellent watchdogs, with a good territorial instinct, but more inclined toward vocal notification than attack. They are often guarded towards strangers until the owners of the home welcome the guest, upon which they are typically very friendly to them; unlike some of their terrier cousins, they are not typically aggressive. However, they will express themselves vocally, and may bark to greet their owner, or to express joy, excitement, or displeasure.

Proper socialization with other dogs and people is important. The dog breeds is generally good with children, but as with any dog, play with small children should be supervised. They are highly playful dogs, and if not given the outlet required for their energy they can become bored and invent their own "fun." Schnauzers have a "high prey drive" (appropriate for a ratting dog), which means they may attack other small pets such as birds, snakes, and rodents. Many will also attack cats, but this may be curbed with training, or if the dog is raised with cats.

Miniature Schnauzer Health and Grooming

While generally a healthy breeds, Miniature Schnauzers may suffer health problems associated with high fat levels. Such problems include hyperlipidemia, which may increase the possibility of pancreatitis, though either may form independently. Other issues which may affect this breed are diabetes, bladder stones and eye problems. Feeding the dog low- or non-fatty and unsweetened foods may help avoid these problems. Miniature Schnauzers are also prone to comedone syndrome, a condition that produces pus filled bumps, usually on their backs, which can be treated with a variety of protocols. Miniature Schnauzers should have their ears dried after swimming due to a risk of infection, especially those with uncropped ears; ear examinations should be part of the regular annual check up.

Schnauzers require regular grooming, either by stripping (the approved method), or by clipping (a short-cut usually reserved for family pets). Stripping removes the loose, dead coat; it may be done by hand, called finger stripping, or plucking, or with a stripping knife; either way, it is a laborious process. Many Miniature Schnauzers who are family pets have regular grooming appointments to have their hair clipped; clipping, using a mechanical clippers (or shaver), produces a soft, silky, skin-close trim. Whether stripped or clipped, the coat is close at the body, and falls into a fringe-like foundation on their undercarriage, called furnishings, which can be left to grow, but must be combed regularly. All Schnauzers, whether they are minis, Standards, or Giants, often sport a beard, created by allowing the hair around their noses to grow out. Left unclipped or unstripped, the body hair will grow two to four inches, and will often tangle into mats and curls.

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Miniature Pinscher

The Miniature Pinscher (Zwergpinscher, Min Pin ) is a small breed of dog of the Pinschertype, developed in Germany. Miniature Pinschers were first bred to hunt vermin, especially rats. The Miniature Pinscher is also known as the "King of the Toy Dogs". The international kennel club, the Fédération Cynologique Internationale, lists the Miniature Pinscher in Group 2, Section 1.1 Pinscher, along with the Dobermann, the German Pinscher, the Austrian Pinscher, and the other toy pinscher, the Affenpinscher. Other kennel clubs list the Miniature Pinscher in the Toy Group or Companion Group.

Appearance

The original true Miniature Pinscher was more stout in appearance than today's refined dog. Its coat was more coarse and the dog in general was less refined. The refined look of today's dog was a result primarily of many who neglected to realize that the breed was a working dog breed and not a toy breed. Much of the natural look went away with years of breeding for the refined small dog now seen as today's Miniature Pinscher. Buyers should also be aware that there is no such dog as a “teacup “or “pocket “ Min Pin ” These are simply terms that certain breeders use to increase interest in their dogs (and sometimes the price).The miniature Pinscher also tends to have very long legs, and a small body, which can sometimes make it look quite comical. As a result of the flexible, agile body of a miniature pinscher, they are able to curl up in almost any position and almost always be comfortable.

Miniature Pinscher Size

Miniature Pinscher breed standard calls for 10 to 12.5 inches at the withers (shoulders) with any dog under 10 or over 12.5 not eligible to be shown. The original Miniature Pinscher actually had more variance as being a cross between a smooth coated Dachshund and a Miniature Greyhound (known today as the Italian Greyhound, led to some carrying the Dachshund legs while others carried the Italian Greyhound leg creating some short and some tall. After many years of German breeding an average was maintained. Though today's standard is smaller than the original. Due to comon belief there is no such thing as the "min pin" which a lot of people think is a smaller version of the Miniature Pinscher. The so called "min pin" is just a abbreviation (like LA for Los Angeles).

Miniature Pinscher Coat and color

The coat is short and smooth, with colors, according to most dog breed standards, of red, stag-red, and black or chocolate with tan or rust markings, in addition to the blue and fawn. Blue coats, while admitted into the UK Kennel Club, can be registered in the American Kennel Club but cannot compete in show. They still benefit from all other aspects of the AKC. The Miniature Pinscher frequently has a docked tail and cropped ears, though the AKC no longer requires ear cropping for shows. The AKC standard specifies a characteristic hackney-like action: "a high-stepping, reaching, free and easy gait in which the front leg moves straight forward and in front of the body and the foot bends at the wrist. The dog drives smoothly and strongly from the rear. The head and tail are carried high." The standard in Europe does not require the high stepping gait as the original Miniature Pinscher (zwergpinscher) did not walk in such a fashion. In Europe and Germany this high stepping gait is considered a fault.

The miniature pinscher will on occasion carry a small white patch generally located on neck or breast area. This links directly back to the original breed coloring. The Miniature Pinscher did come in Merle coloring which in the Dachshund is referred to as Dapple and in Harlequin like that found in the Great Dane. The white gene is part of the makeup of this breed; though breeders for years have fought to eliminate this gene, it is accepted by AKC in conformation and show so long as the area of white is limited to no more than 1/2 inch in direction.

Miniature Pinscher Temperament

The miniature pinscher is an energetic dog that thrives on owner interaction. They are very loyal dogs and are typically categorized as "one, or two person dogs", but with socialization, they can be integrated into families, and get along moderately with other dogs, pets, and children. Children, especially younger ones, must be encouraged to act gently to avoid being bit as these dogs are known to snap without any provocation. Teething can be one provocation. Socialization as puppies will help ensure they can co-exist and interact with other dogs as adults. Min Pins are known for biting people when being simply introduced as a stranger and are extremely protective of their owners. This protective instinct will manifest as nonstop barking and challenging postures. Although originally bred for ratting, they are also excellent watch dogs, barking at all things they deem a threat. These dogs can jump very high, some can jump five and a half feet in the air.

These little dogs will need lots of exercise per day. A backyard would be preferable so they can have an outdoor area to run around in, but it will need to be securely fenced in as this breed is the "Houdini" of the dog world when it comes to escaping. The breed is a toy breed (AKC), these dogs' energy level exceeds the traditional concept or idea of the standard toy breed. Daily walks are not sufficient for this breed to wear off their excess energy. Though dog parks can be a solution, the true Miniature Pinscher, being a terrier, can go on the hunt at any moment, so an off-lead dog is a serious challenge with this breed. This dog truly does not see itself as small and therefore will challenge anything, including larger breeds. The breed is rated the 3rd worst breed for apartments due to overall lack of exercise as well as natural guarding instincts which lends the dog to barking and leads to many noise complaints. In addition, the dog can be quite destructive to homes and fixtures if the dog is not allowed ample time to expel its natural energy. Reports of damage to furniture, carpet, interior walls, doors, and other household products have been often reported. These dogs are only suitable for houses and apartments if they have regular exercise. A daily 45 minute+ exercise regimen is a must in order to have this dog in an apartment.

Care

• Although the breed is not necessarily bad with children, much care must be taken in educating youths about proper handling and play. The dogs are relatively sturdy for their size but can be easily injured by rough play with a child. In addition, their high-strung temperament leaves little patience for such rough play.
• Grooming is easy, as the smooth, short-haired coat requires little attention.

As they are prone to dry skin issues, bathing should be limited to no more than 3 to 4 times a year. During off periods a wipe down with a dampened towel should be used. In addition, care must be taken in colder weather as the coat provides virtually no protection from the cold. This also pertains to hot weather, with no guard hairs they can over heat.

• Due to their instinct to hunt vermin, special care must be taken in preventing a Miniature Pinscher from "attacking" small objects, such as bottle caps, as they could pose a choking hazard.
• Miniature Pinschers are also prone to overeating and should have their diets monitored to prevent obesity.
• This dog breed has an insatiable curiosity, so the best toys for Miniature Pinschers are ones that stimulate their curiosity. This may include toys that move or make an interesting noise. Miniature Pinschers enjoy having a collection of such toys, which they will hoard and spend much time in moving from one collecting place to another. However, Miniature Pinschers will chew and inevitably try to eat their toys, so avoid toys made of rubber or plastic. Small stuffed animals, rope toys, and interactive toys that pose a challenge work well. Cat toys (that do not have catnip) are also suitable.
• Miniature Pinschers are territorial, so they should be provided with their own place to rest and sleep, though they will commonly stake a claim to a particular piece of furniture or curtain under or behind which they will sleep when people are in the room. They prefer to sleep on soft objects as well as under soft objects, so a small blanket should be provided to cover them. Unless the owner is amenable to sharing his or her bed, bedroom doors must be kept closed at night as Miniature Pinschers will jump onto beds and crawl under the covers. Care should be taken not to accidentally injure a Miniature Pinscher while they are sleeping under blankets.
• It is essential due to the energy level of this breed that a secured fenced yard be provided. Miniature Pinschers need to exercise regularly. In addition, when in public this breed must be kept on harness and leash, as it is natural for this breed to give chase if something of interest catches its eye.

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Miniature Australian Shepherd

The Miniature Australian Shepherd is a dog breed. Miniature Australian Shepherd was developed by selectively breeding small Australian Shepherds.

Miniature Aussies are rapidly increasing in popularity among those interested in a compact dog with a strong work ethic. They are especially popular in dog agility, and do well in other dog sports including herding, obedience, disc dog, and many other activities.

Appearance

Miniature Australian Shepherds range in height from 14 to 18 inches (35 to 46 cm) at the withers and weigh between 17 and 35 pounds (9 to 14 kg). Toy Australian Shepherds range in height from 10 to 14". Coat colors are the same as those for Australian Shepherds; blue merle, red merle, black, and red, all with or without copper and white trim. Eyes may be any combination of brown, amber, hazel, blue, or marbled.

Temperament

Miniature Australian Shepherds are notoriously eager to work. They are very fun to play with and can be easily trained, but their intelligence and drive require obedience training and plenty of interesting activity. Once given a clear job to do, like guarding or companionship, they will thrive in a variety of environments, provided they have an adequate outlet for both physical and mental energy. If they are not allowed adequate room to play, they may become destructive. They are social dogs and form close attachments to their owner. As a result, some may suffer separation anxiety. Mini Aussies function well as a family dog, but their excessive energy may need to be checked around small children.

MDR1 Gene

MDR1 Gene mutation has been found in a variety of herding dogs: Australian Shepherds (both miniature and full sized), Shetland Sheepdogs, Old English Sheepdogs and German Shepherds. Testing is the only way to determine if an individual dog has the mutant gene. Washington State University is one facility that provides such testing.

Dogs with the MDR1 gene mutation may have adverse reactions when given certain drugs. The documented list includes drug types for: antiparasitic agents, antidiarrheal agents, tranquilizers, pre-anesthetic agents and chemotherapy agents.

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Mexican Hairless Dog

The Mexican Hairless Dog is a rare, hairless breed of dog whose size varies greatly. It is also known as Xoloitzcuintli or Xoloitzcuintle.

Appearance

The dog breed ranges in size from about 10 pounds/4 kg to 50 pounds/20 kg.

Similar in appearance to a Pharaoh Hound, with a sleek body, almond-shaped eyes, large bat-like ears, and a long neck, the Xolo is notable for its dominant trait of hairlessness. The dominant hairless trait originated in this breed as a spontaneous mutation thousands of years ago. The recessive expression of the trait will produce a coated variety, which is genetically inseparable from the hairless. Most litters contain both hairless and coated puppies. The coated variety, covered with a short, flat dense coat represents the original form of the dog, prior to the occurrence of the spontaneous hairless mutation. The hairless variety is completely hairless on the body. Some dogs exhibit a few short hairs on the top of the head, the toes and tip of the tail. Most hairless dogs are black or blue in color. According to standard genetic ratios, one out of every four puppies should be born coated. The allele responsible for the Xolo's hairlessness also affects the dog's dentition: Xolos typically have an incomplete set of teeth.

The Mexican Hairless Dog is moderate in all aspects of its appearance, conveying, strength, agility and elegance. Xolo body proportions are rectangular, slightly longer in total body length than the height measured at the highest point of the withers. The breed occurs naturally in two varieties, hairless and coated. Hairless Xolos are the dominant expression of the heterozygous Hh hairless trait. Coated Xolos (hh) are the recessive expression. Breeding hairless to coated or hairless to hairless may produce pups of either or both varieties. Breeding coated to coated will only produce coated pups because they are recessive to the hairless trait and do not carry the dominant H gene.

Both varieties occur in all colors, solid, marked, splashed or spotted. The most common colors are various shades of black, blue, and red.

The dog breed occurs in a range of sizes, which breeders have standardized into Toy (ten to 13 inches in height, weighing approximately 12 pounds) Miniature (13 to 18 inches in height, weighing approximately 25 pounds) and Standard (18 to 24 inches in height, weighing approximately 45 pounds). The Xolo has been mistaken for the mythical Chupacabra of Mexico.

Temperament

Adult Xolos are noted for their calm demeanor but puppies can be quite noisy and unruly. The dog breed has definite primitive temperament traits and requires extensive socialization and training from eight weeks to a year of age. Xolo temperament can be compared to a typical Working breed, with strong guardian instincts. Their primitive heritage also encourages predatory behavior. Xolos can be escape artists, climbing and jumping fences to chase small animals. They possess exceptional guard dog ability and will not back down from a fight. Therefore, basic obedience training and continued socialization is needed until adulthood.

Health

As their breeding has followed natural selection for thousands of years, rather than alteration of the natural form per varying human tastes, the breed is generally not prone to health and structure problems as many other dog breeds may be, if they have been well-bred. Xolos are not suited for outdoor life in temperate and northern climates and should be considered an indoor dog. They need bathing, light grooming and skin care as with other dogs of similar physical type, including skin care proper for un-coated varieties. "For the Hairless: Most skin problems arise from poor breeding, neglect, or over-bathing and over-lotioning, stripping natural protections and clogging pores. A well-bred, hairless Xolo will have very fine soft skin, yet hardy". Lighter colored Xolos will need protection from strong sun.

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McNab Dog

The McNab Shepherd—also called a McNab Sheepdog, McNab Border Collie, or McNab Herding Dog—is a breed of dog whose focus is on herding. It originated from a smooth-coated dog typically reported to be the Scotch Collie or Fox Collie, which was also the ancestor of the Border Collie.

Appearance

The appearance of dogs called McNabs can vary widely, though their shared roots with Border Collies means that they are often predominantly black or red with white markings — white muzzle with a white streak running up the head between the eyes, usually a white neck and chest, white-tipped tail and one or more white feet. Some are large dogs of approximately 70 lb (32 kg), while others are as small as 35 lb (16 kg). Some have natural bobtails and others have long, narrow, short-furred tails. Its ears are medium sized and can be "pricked" or the top half may flop over. The coat is smooth or short. A strong characteristic of the McNab is its "cat-like" feet which enhance its agility.

Temperament

The primary quality that these dogs are bred for is their herding ability; they are well known as cattle herders, but can herd other animals, such as horses, sheep, and llamas. McNabs are well-mannered dogs, hard-working, good personal hygiene, and friendly with small domestic animals such as cats and chickens, but they require extensive grounds in which to run and are happiest with a job to do. The McNab can also be an excellent deer and boar hunting dog. The McNab is also less 'high strung' or obsessive than the Border Collie. They were bred to have more "backbone" than the original Border Collie. It is common for a McNab to bark while they herd. They should exercise physically but also mentally by learning new activities or 'tricks' and being allowed to explore and learn new environments. This breed is sociable with other dogs and humans. They are obedient, protective and friendly.

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Maremma Sheepdog, Good Companion Dog

The Maremma Sheepdog, or the Maremmano-Abruzzese as scholars who have researched the origins of the breed refer to the dog, is a breed of livestock guardian dog that originated in central Italy and has been used for centuries by Italian shepherds to guard sheep from wolves. The breed's English name derives from the Maremma section of Tuscany where British and American breeders first saw the dog and mistakenly believed the dog originated. The dog breed is widely employed in Abruzzo where sheep herding remains vital to the rural economy and the wolf remains an active and protected predator. The breed resembles the Pyrenean Mountain Dog, the Kuvasz of Hungary, and the Akbash Dog of Turkey.

Appearance

The Maremma Sheepdog has a solid, muscular build, thick white coat, large head, black nose, and typically weighing between 65 to 110 pounds (30–50 kg) and standing from 23 to 29 inches tall (60–75 cm) though some dogs grow to even more massive proportions. As far as coloring goes they can have tints of yellows, creams and lemon/brown spots. A minimal amount of color is demanded. Solid white is most common, but the colored kind is becoming more popular.

Some divide the dog breed into various subtypes, largely based on small differences in physical attributes and with subtype names based on village and provincial names where the dogs may be found , e.g. the Maremma, the Marsicano, the Aquilano, the Pescocostanzo, the Maiella, and the Peligno. However, biologists dispute this division, as well as over reliance on minor physical differences, as the dogs were bred over the centuries for their behavioral characteristics making them good guardians shepherds.

Temperament

Despite their large size, Maremma Sheepdog can be good companion dogs in areas with adequate open space. Centuries of breeding the dogs to be gentle with lambs but fiercely protective of their flock has created a breed that will bond to families and show a calm, intelligent disposition. However, the dogs may display hostility towards outsiders and they are not suitable companion dogs for urban areas due to their large size and need for open space.

Dog Training

Maremma Sheepdog used as LGDs are introduced to sheep flocks as puppies so they bond to the sheep. Some ranchers place Maremma puppies as young as 3-4 weeks old with young lambs though beginning this bonding process at 7-8 weeks is more typical. Although it is easiest to bond Maremma to sheep and goats, cattle ranchers have found that the dogs will bond with cows and Maremma are increasingly used to protect range cattle.

Recently in Warrnambool, Australia, the world's first trial utilized a Maremma to guard the dwindling penguin population of Middle Island. While using Maremma to guard an endangered species is rare, Maremma along with other dog breeds of livestock guarding dogs are appreciated by environmentalists because they make it possible for livestock to coexist with endangered predators such as wolves and coyotes reducing their predation by 70% to 80% or more. National park authorities in Italy, the United States and Canada have promoted use of the Maremma Sheepdog, as well as other types of LGDs, to minimize conflict between endangered predator species and ranchers.

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Manchester Terrier

The Manchester Terrier is a breed of dog of the smooth-haired terrier type.

Smaller Manchesters were carried in specially designed leather pouches suspended from the rider's belt, (earning the title of "Groom's Pocket Piece"). With their smaller stature these dogs obviously could not keep up with the hounds, but when the hounds ran the fox into dense thickets they were not able to penetrate, the little Manchester Terrier was released. Nicknamed the "Gentleman's Terrier" this breed was never a "sissy." His dauntless spirit commanded respect.

Manchester Terriers are considered by most to be the oldest of all identifiable terrier breeds, finding mention in works dating from as early as the 16th century. In 1570 Dr. Caius (Encyclopedia of Dogs) gives mention to the 'Black and Tan Terrier,' though he referred to a rougher coated, shorter legged dog than we are now accustomed to.

By the early 1800s a closer facsimile to the current Manchester Terrier had evolved. In The Dog in Health and Disease by J. A. Walsh a full chapter was devoted to the Black and Tan, for the first time recognizing it as an established breed. The description Walsh set forth might, in fact, serve well today: Smooth haired, long tapering nose, narrow flat skull, eyes small and bright, chest rather deep than wide, only true color black and tan.

Consistency in type and appearance this dog breed has maintained for nearly two centuries (at the very least).

In its native England, the Kennel Club (UK) recognizes the Manchester Terrier in the Terrier Group and the closely related English Toy Terrier (Black and Tan) in the Toy Group.

In North America the Manchester Terrier is divided into two varieties. The Toy Manchester Terrier was originally recognized as a separate breed in 1938, bred down in size from the Manchester Terrier. The Toy Manchester Terrier weighs less than 12 pounds and has naturally erect ears, never cropped. It is placed in the Toy Group by the Canadian Kennel Club and the American Kennel Club, although the Manchester Terrier is placed in the Terrier Group. The Manchester Terrier non-toy variety weighs 12 to 22 pounds and has 3 allowable ear types (naturally erect, button, or cropped). Other than size differences and ear type, the Manchester Terrier and the Toy Manchester Terrier have the same over all appearance, and since 1958 have been varieties of the same dog breed.

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Maltese Dog, Companion Dog

The Maltese is a small breed of dog in the toy group, known for its silky white hair, though many owners of pet Maltese give them a short "puppy cut" for ease of grooming. The Maltese breed is descended from dogs originating in the Central Mediterranean Area. The breed name and origins are generally understood to derive from the Mediterranean island of Malta; however, the name is sometimes described with reference to the Adriatic island of Méléda, or a defunct Sicilian town called Melita.

The Maltese had been recognized as a FCI breed under the patronage of Italy in 1954, at the annual meeting in Interlaken, Switzerland. The current FCI standard is dated November 27, 1989, and the latest translation from Italian to English is dated April 6, 1998. The American Kennel Club recognized the breed in 1888, its latest standard being from March 10, 1964.

Maltese Appearance

Characteristics include slightly rounded skulls, with a finger-wide dome and black nose that is two finger-widths long. The body is compact with the length equaling the height. The drop ears with long hair and very dark eyes, surrounded by darker skin pigmentation (called a "halo"), gives Maltese their expressive look. Their noses can fade and become pink or light brown in color without exposure to sunlight. This is often referred to as a "winter nose" and many times will become black again with increased exposure to the sun.

Maltese Coat and color

The coat is long and silky and lacks an undercoat. The color is pure white; although cream or light lemon ears are permissible, they are not regarded as desirable. Also, a pale ivory tinge is permitted. In some standards, traces of pale orange shades are tolerated, but considered an imperfection.

Maltese Size

Adult Maltese range from roughly 3 to 7 lb (1.4 to 3.2 kg), though dog breed standards, as a whole, call for weights between 4 and 7 lb (1.8 and 3.2 kg). There are variations depending on which standard is being used. Many, like the American Kennel Club, call for a weight that is ideally less than 7 lb with between 4 and 6 lb preferred.

Temperament

Maltese are bred to be cuddly companion dogs, and thrive on love and attention. They are extremely lively and playful, and even as a Maltese ages, his or her energy level and playful demeanor remain fairly constant. Some Maltese may occasionally be snappish with smaller children and should be supervised when playing, although socializing them at a young age will reduce this habit. The Maltese is very active within a house, and, preferring enclosed spaces, does very well with small yards. For this reason, the dog breed also fares well in apartments and townhouses, and is a prized pet of urban dwellers. Maltese have a bad reputation as yappers.

An Australia-wide (not including Tasmania) research project carried out in conjunction with RSPCA found owners likely to dump their Maltese terriers, citing the tendency of Maltese to bark constantly. This breed is Australia's most dumped dog.

Care

Maltese have no undercoat, and have little to no shedding if cared for properly. Like their relatives Poodles and Bichon Frise, they are considered to be largely hypoallergenic and many people who are allergic to dogs may not be allergic to the Maltese. Daily cleaning is required to prevent the risk of tear-staining.

Regular grooming is also required to prevent the coats of non-shedding dogs from matting. Many owners will keep their Maltese clipped in a "puppy cut," a 1 - 2" all over trim that makes the dog resemble a puppy. Some owners, especially those who show Maltese in the sport of conformation, prefer to wrap the long fur to keep it from matting and breaking off, and then to show the dog with the hair unwrapped combed out to its full length.

Dark staining in the hair around the eyes, "tear staining," can be a problem in this breed, and is mostly a function of how much the individual dog's eyes water and the size of the tear ducts. Tear stain can be readily removed if a fine-toothed metal comb, moistened with lukewarm water, is carefully drawn through the snout hair just below the eyes. This maintenance activity must be performed every two or three days, as a layer of sticky film is quick to redevelop. If the face is kept dry and cleaned daily, the staining can be minimized. Many veterinarians recommend avoiding foods treated with food coloring, and serving distilled water to reduce tear staining.

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Magyar Agar

Magyar Agar (MA) is a dog breed. It is also called a Hungarian Greyhound, although this is somewhat of a misnomer. The Magyar Agar is not descended from the Greyhound and is not known as a "greyhound" in its country of origin. A more proper alternative name would be Hungarian Gazehound or Hungarian Sighthound. It is a type of sighthound originating in Hungary and Transylvania. It is used for hunting and coursing, and is also kept as a companion.

These dogs probably accompanied the Magyars to the Carpathian Basin and Transylvania in the 900s. Tradition tells us that the Magyar Agár first arrived in northeastern Hungary and the Great Alfold (Hungarian Plain) a little over a thousand years ago. The earliest archeological evidence for the Magyar Agárs has been found in the Carpathian Mountains along the northern and eastern border of Hungary. Currently it is not know whether the Magyar Agárs existed before the Magyars reached the Carpathian basin.

Although they have lived throughout the Great Alfold, they have had a strong hunting history in the three counties of Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg, Hajdú-Bihar and Somogy. The conformation of the Magyar Agar has remained the same from the Medieval to the Modern Age \until the introduction of the greyhound in the 1800s.

The Magyar Agar was bred for long distance racing: dispatching hare or deer shot by horseback riders in an open field or open stand of forest. Hungarians claim that the MA was expected to run along the hunters for distances of 30 kilometers (19 mi) to 50 kilometers (31 mi) per day. Through most of Hungarian history the Magyar Agar was not restricted to the nobility, although the MA owned by the nobility were much bigger than the others. "Magyar Agars owned by the peasants were known as Farm Agars or simply as Hare Catchers. These smaller versions of the MA are now extinct."

Appearance

The Magyar Agar is a sighthound of elegant yet rugged stature. While they bear some resemblance to Greyhounds, there are a number of significant differences in conformation between the two dog breeds. Magyar Agars are longer in body than they are tall, and have a heavier bone structure than Greyhounds. Their heads are more wedge-shaped, with substantial jaw muscles and shorter snouts, giving them a less refined appearance than most Greyhounds. They also have much thicker skin with a short, dense and smooth coat that is slightly longer during winter months. As such, they are very hardy dogs and can tolerate lower temperatures better than some of the other short-coated sighthounds. They have rose-shaped ears that are raised about half way and oval-shaped eyes with a bright and gentle looking expression. They weigh between 49 pounds (22 kg) and 68 pounds (31 kg) with a height between 25 inches (64 cm) and 27 inches (69 cm) at the shoulders. They come in a variety of colors. The amount of “greyhoundness” in the MA is the point of controversy among European breeders and enthusiasts. This issue revolves around the fact that greyhounds were bred with MAs in the 1800s and early 1900s. Some prefer an “old fashioned” variation of the MA with its robust frame and musculature, while some prefer a more "Greyhound-like" dog with a lighter frame and more speed.

The sturdy frame of the Magyar Agar makes it ideal for coursing game over a rugged terrain. Given their conformation, Magyar Agar are not as fast as Greyhounds on short sprints, but possess greater endurance and stamina, making them much more suited to running longer distances for longer periods of time. In the old days, these dogs would have been expected to trail alongside their masters on horseback.

Magyar Agar Temperament

This dog breed is affectionate and docile. They are unlikely to bite or be snippy with people, although they have a much stronger guarding instinct than some other sighthound breeds. They are usually well behaved around children and also with other dogs. They are somewhat reserved but should not be overly shy. They are intelligent, easy to train and faithful. As with all dogs, early socialization is a must.

Magyar Agars are very adaptable and can live comfortably in apartments as well as outdoor kennels as long as they are provided with adequate exercise and human interaction. If kept inside, they are very easy to housebreak and make wonderful house pets. During the day they will spend a good portion of their time sleeping, but they are by no means "couch potatoes" and do require daily exercise to stay fit and happy. Long walks, free running and trotting next to a bicycle are the best ways to exercise Magyars since they are not usually too keen on ball-chasing as are other dog breeds.

Although they can live peacefully with cats and other small animals inside the home, it is important to remember their coursing heritage. They are an excellent coursing dog, and are still employed for such purposes in Hungary. As such, they will tend to want to chase down anything that resembles prey. However, with proper introduction and supervision, they can coexist very well with cats and small dogs.

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